Know Your Rights Guide: Appendix B - Endnotes

Jennifer Pokempner, May 13, 2020

Chapter 1

1) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(5)(C) (A permanency plan must be developed no later than 12 months after a youth enters care.); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(3)(i) & (f) (Permanency hearings are generally held 6 months after a youth comes into care, and the appropriateness of the permanency plan must be determine at each permanency hearing.).

2) Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(3).

3) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(1)-(5).

4) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2521.

5) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f)(9); 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(5)(E).

6) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2904 (“If requested by the petitioners, the decree may provide that the adoptee shall assume the name of the adopting parent or parents and any given first or middle names that may be chosen.”).

7) 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 6351 (e)(1).

8) See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2711(a)(1).

9) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351 (e)(1)(“in any permanency hearing held with respect to the child, the court shall consult with the child regarding the child's permanency plan, including the child's desired permanency goal, in a manner appropriate to the child's age and maturity.”)

10) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2311.)

11) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2902(a).)

12) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2731 - § 2742.

13) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2738; Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. No. 3350-11-01, Implementation of Act 101 of 2010 (2011), https://www.dhs.pa.gov/docs/Publications/Documents/FORMS%20AND%20PUBS%2….

14) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2735.

15) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2738.

16) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2734.

17) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2733.

18) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2733.

19) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2738.

20) See, e.g., Pennsylvania Statewide Adoption & Permanency Network, Voluntary Post-Adoption Contact Agreements: An Explanation for Youth, http://swantoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/PACAs_for_Youth_FINAL.pdf.)

21) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2732.

22) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2737.

23) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2737.

24) Pennsylvania State Adoption Assistance Program, North American Council on Adoptable Children (updated Sept. 2019), https://www.nacac.org/help/adoption-assistance/adoption-assistance-us/s….

25) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 2102.

26) Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. Nos. 3130-10-02, 3140-10-03, Permanent Legal Custodian Policy 4 (2010), https://www.dhs.pa.gov/docs/Publications/Documents/FORMS%20AND%20PUBS%2….

27) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 2102.

28) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(4).

29) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 3102 (“’Relative.’ An individual who is: (1) Related within the fifth degree of consanguinity or affinity to the parent or stepparent of a child. (2) At least 21 years of age.”).

30) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 3102 (“’Kin.’ An individual 21 years of age or older who is one of the following: (1) A godparent of the child as recognized by an organized church. (2) A member of the child's tribe, nation or tribal organization. (3) An individual with a significant, positive relationship with the child or family.”).

31) Id.

32) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 3105(b).

33) 67 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3102, 3103.

34) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 3105(c).

35) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(5)(i).

36) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(5)(iii).

37) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(5)(ii).

38) 45 C.F.R. 1356.21(b)(2); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f.1)(5)(ii).

39) See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e); Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 1608 (describing what should occur at a permanency hearing). The child welfare agency must make reasonable efforts to finalize the permanency plan. 42 U.S.C.A. 671(a)(15); 45 C.F.R. 1356.21(b)(2).

40) Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. No. 3130-18-02, Concurrent Planning Policy and Implementation 4-5 (2018), https://www.dhs.pa.gov/docs/Documents/OCYF/3130-18-02.pdf.

41) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(1).)

42) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(1).

43) 55 Pa. Code 3130.61(d) (“The county agency shall provide family members, including the child, their representatives and service providers, the opportunity to participate in the development and amendment of the service plan if the opportunity does not jeopardize the child’s safety. The method by which these opportunities are provided shall be recorded in the plan.”).

44) 55 Pa. Code 3130.61(c).

45) 67 Pa.C.S.A. § 3103 (“Family finding shall be conducted for a child when the child is accepted for service and at least annually thereafter until the child's involvement with the county agency is terminated or the family finding is discontinued in accordance with section 3104.”).

46) Child Profile, Family Design Resources, http://www.familydesign.org/programs/adoption/profile.html (last visited Feb. 27, 2020).

47) Child Preparation, Family Design Resources, http://www.familydesign.org/programs/adoption/preparation.html (last visited Feb. 27, 2020).

48) Child Specific Recruitment & Older Child Matching Initiative, Diakon Adoption & Foster Care, http://www.diakon.org/adoption/services/child-specific-recruitment-ocmi (last visited Feb. 27, 2020).

49) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.68(a)(visitation should occur “at a time and place convenient to the parties and in a location that will permit natural interactions.”

50) 55 Pa. Code § 3700.63(b); 55 Pa. Code § 3800.33(c).

51) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(a)(2.1).

52) In re M.B., 674 A.2d 702, 706 (Pa. Super. 1996).

53) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.68(a).

54) Id.

55) The Superior Court has held that, with regard to visitation between children and incarcerated parents, visitation should “not be denied or reduced unless it poses a grave threat” to the child. In re C.J., 729 A.2d 89, 95 (Pa. Super. 1999).

56) Chapter 7: Visitation 7-6–7-7 (Rev. 2014), http://www.ocfcpacourts.us/assets/upload/Resources/Documents/Chapter%20…

57) Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. No. 3130-12-03, Concurrent Planning Policy and Implementation 29 (2012), http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/209_CncrrntPlnnng1/PrWrk/PrWrk_Cn….

58) 42 U.S.C.A. § 671(a)(31).

59) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(b)(5)

60) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(b.1).

61) Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. No. 3130-12-01, Act 115 of 2010 Regarding Placement and Visitation with Siblings (2012), https://www.dhs.pa.gov/docs/Publications/Documents/FORMS%20AND%20PUBS%2…

62) Office of Child., Youth, & Fam., PA Dept. of Pub. Welfare, OCYF Bull. No. 3130-12-01, Act 115 of 2010 Regarding Placement and Visitation with Siblings (2012), https://www.dhs.pa.gov/docs/Publications/Documents/FORMS%20AND%20PUBS%2…

63) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f)(11) ( “If the child has a sibling, whether visitation of the child with that sibling is occurring no less than twice a month, unless a finding is made that visitation is contrary to the safety or well-being of the child or sibling.”); 11 P.S. § 2633.

64) Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act, Pub. L. No. 113-183, § 111, 128 Stat. 1919, 1923-24 (2014); Activities and Experiences for Children in Out-of-Home Placement Act, 11 P.S. § 2644.

Chapter 2

1) Resource homes, including homes of kin, are regulated by 55 Pa. Code 3700 et seq.

2) Kinship care homes that are licensed as resource homes are regulated by 55 Pa. Code 3700 et seq.

3) Community Residential Rehabilitation Host Homes (CRRs) are provided through the behavioral health system and are meant to be short term to address treatment needs. Sometimes youth in the child welfare system can be placed in CRR host homes if they are eligible based on treatment needs.

4) There are a range of group and institutional settings in Pennsylvania. They are regulated by 55 Pa. Code 3800 et. seq.

5) Residential treatment centers are regulated under 55 Pa. Code 3800 et. seq.

6) Transitional Living Placements are regulated under 55 Pa. Code 3800.291 et seq.

7) SPECIALIZED SETTIING BULLETIN

8) The basic requirements for resource family homes are found at: 55 Pa. Code 3700 et seq. While some county child welfare agencies enter into contracts with foster parents directly, most foster parents are selected by and affiliated with private providers. This means that in addition to state law and regulation, many provider agencies have requirements for foster parents that go above the regulations and law.

9) To learn more about foster parenting you can go to the website of the Resource Family Association at http://www.psrfa.org/psrfa_1-25-13_004.htm.

10) Transitional Living Placements are regulated under 55 Pa. Code 3800.291 et seq.

11) To learn the specifics of the different SIL settings see: Youth Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01 (December 8, 2014).

12) Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 1606 (Modification of Dependent Child’s Placement).

13) Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 1606 (Modification of Dependent Child’s Placement).

14) Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 1606 (Modification of Dependent Child’s Placement).

15) 11 P.S. § 2631 et seq.

16) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675a(b)(1) & (b)(2)(Beginning at age 14, youth must be provided a list of their rights as part of the case-planning process. The list of rights must be part of the case plan and should address “education, health, visitation, and court participation,” the right to discharge documents, and to “stay safe and avoid exploitation.” The case plan must include a signed acknowledgement that the list of rights has been received and “explained to the child in an age-appropriate way.”)

17)11 P.S. § 2631 et seq.

18) 11 P.S. § 2635.

19) 11 P.S. §2634; Children in Foster Care Act, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02 (July 30, 2012).

20) 11 P.S. §2634 (requirement to have a grievance policy); 11 P.S. §2635(requirement to inform children and youth of the grievance policy).

21) 11 P.S. § 2633 (4).

22) 11 P.S. § 2633 (6).

23) 11 P.S. § 2633 (10).

24) 11 P.S. § 2633 (1)-(3).

25) 11 P.S. § 2633 (22).

26) 11 P.S. § 2633 (22).

27) 11 P.S. § 2633 (12).

28) 11 P.S. § 2633 (11).

29) In 2015, Pennsylvania passed a state law, called the “Activities and Experiences for Children in Out-of-Home Placement Act,” (“Act 75”). This can be found at 11 P.S. § 2641 et. seq.

30) 11 P.S. 2644 (a)( “A child with a disability or special needs in an out-of-home placement shall have the same access to age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate activities and experiences as the child's nondisabled peers, even if reasonable accommodations are required.))

31) 11 P.S. 2644 (c).

32) 11 P.S. 2643 (“caregiver”).

33) 11 P.S. 2644 (c).

34) 11 P.S. 2644 (b)(1).

35) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351 (f)(12).

36) 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351 (f)(12)(ii).

37) Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 1608 (D)(1) (p)(ii)(the court must identify and address barriers to participation).

38) See Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, A Guide to Obtaining a Pennsylvania Junior Learner’s Permit and Junior Driver’s License, available at https://www.dot.state.pa.us/Public/DVSPubsForms/BDL/BDL%20Publications/…

39) 11 P.S. § 2633 (2011).

40) 43 P.S. § 40.8 (2013).

41) 18 P.S. § 6311 (2004).

Chapter 3

1) See 42 U.S.C.A. § 11432(g)(3)(i) (West 2016) (school stability for youth who are homeless or unaccompanied). Schools also have an obligation to help homeless youth transfer and receive credit from former schools that they have attended. See id. § 11432(g)(1)(F)(ii).

2) See 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(1)(G) (West 2016).

3) See 20 U.S.C.A. § 6311(g)(1)(E) (West 2019).

4) See 237 Pa. Code §§ 1148(A)-(B) (2018).

5) See id. § 1148(C).

6) See 42 U.S.C.A. 675(1)(G)(ii)(II) (West 2018).

7) See Activities and Experiences for Children in Out-of-Home-Placements Act, 11 Pa. Stat. § 2642 et seq. (2015).

8) 24 Pa. Stat. § 13-1326 (2019) (In Pennsylvania, the new compulsory school age is ages 8-18 and takes effect in the school year beginning in 2020-2021).

9) 237 Pa. Code § 1147 (2018).

10) See 22 Pa. Code § 4.74(c) (2008) (“Credit granted by a public school in this Commonwealth shall be accepted by all public schools and institutions in this Commonwealth upon the transfer of a student.”).

11) See id. § 4.51(d).

12) 24 Pa. Stat. § 19-1901-C(1) (2016) (“Alternative education program”). See also Pennsylvania Department of Education, Alternative Education for Disruptive Youth (November 18, 2019), https://www.education.pa.gov/Policy-Funding/BECS/Purdons/Pages/Alternat….

13) See Alternative Education for Disruptive Youth, supra note xii.

14) 34 C.F.R. §§ 300.530-300.536 (2006). See also 22 Pa. Code § 14.133 (2008).

15) See Alternative Education for Disruptive Youth, supra note xii.

16) See 22 Pa. Code § 12.6(b)(2) (2005).

17) See 22 Pa. Code §§ 12.6(c)-(d) (2005).

18) See id.

19) See 22 Pa. Code § 57.31(a) (1988).

20) 22 Pa. Code § 4.51(d) (2014).

21) See 20 U.S.C.A. § 1414 (d)(1)(A)(i)(VII) (West 2016); 34 C.F.R. § 300.43 (“transition services”); 22 Pa. Code § 14.131(a)(5) (2008) (In addition to the requirements of federal law, the IEP of each student with a disability must include “for students who are 14 years of age or older, a transition plan that includes appropriate measurable postsecondary goals related to training, education, employment and, when appropriate, independent living skills.”).

22) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(k)(vi) (2018).

23) Id. § 1608 (D)(1)(l).

Chapter 4

1) 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 6302 (criteria for extended foster care includes: being “enrolled in an institution which provides postsecondary or vocational education.”)

2) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 10 (December 8, 2014)(dorm living can be considered a unlicensed supervised independent living setting for youth in extended foster care).

3) 24 P.S. § 26-2604-K.

4) 24 P.S. § 26-2604-K (6).

5) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677 (i). The federal Chafee program is called Education and Training Vouchers (ETV). In Pennsylvania, the program is called Education and Training Grant to make clear that this is a grant program.

6) You can find a list of schools that receive Title IV aid from the Department of Education here.

7) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677(i)(2)In Pennsylvania, guardianship is often referred to as subsidized or unsubsidized permanency legal custodianship. (PLC or SPLC).

8) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677(i)(3).

9) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677(i)(3).

10) 24 P.S. § 26-2602-K.

11) 24 P.S. § 26-2601-K (definitions).

12) 24 P.S. § 26-2602-K (b).

13) See Fostering Independence Tuition Waiver, available at https://www.education.pa.gov/Postsecondary-Adult/CollegeCareer/Fosterin… (the waivers “also cover college application fees.”)

14) 24 P.S. § 26-2604-K (Point of Contact)

Chapter 5

1) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(k)(vii) (2018) (for all youth ages 14 and older, the court should make findings at each permanency review hearing about the job-readiness services that have been provided to the child and the employment/career goals that have been established).

2) See 11 Pa. Stat. § 2644(a) (2015).

3) See Children in Foster Care Act of 2010, 11 Pa. Stat. § 2633(14) (2011).

4) See 43 Pa. Stat. § 40.8 (2013) (duties of employer); 43 Pa. Stat. § 40.9 (work permit) (2013).

5) 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(k)(vii) (2018).

Chapter 6

1) See 11 Pa. Stat. § 2633(2) (2011).

2) See 42 U.S.C. § 12101 (2009) et seq.

3) See 29 U.S.C. § 701 (2014) et seq.

4) See 42 U.S.C. § 12131(2) (1990) (defining “qualified individual with a disability” to mean “an individual with a disability who, with or without reasonable modifications to rules, policies, or practices . . . meets the essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of services or the participation in programs or activities provided by a public entity.”); 42 U.S.C. § 12132 (1990) (“[N]o qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.”); 29 U.S.C. § 794(a) (2016) (“No otherwise qualified individual with a disability . . . shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits or, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . . . .”).

5) 28 C.F.R. § 35.130(d) (2016). See also Olmstead v. L.C., 527 U.S. 581 (1999).

6) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(l) (2018).

7) See 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(5)(A)(1) (2018).

8) See 42 U.S.C.A. § 622(b)(15)(A) (2018).

9) See 55 Pa. Code § 3130.67(b)(2)(vi) (1990).

10) See 42 U.S.C. § 675(5)(C), (H) (2018); 237 Pa. Code 1608(D)(1)(k) (2018).

11) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(l) (2018).

12) See 42 C.F.R. § 441 (1984). For more information on EPSDT, see Health Resources & Service Administration, Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2018), https://mchb.hrsa.gov/maternal-child-health-initiatives/mchb-programs/e….

13) See 237 Pa. Code § 1631(E)(2)(e) (2013) (the transition plan must include “a description of the health insurance plan that the child is expected to obtain and any continued health or behavioral health needs of the child”); id. § 1631(E)(2)(h) (2013) (the transition plan must also include a description of any other needed support services”); id. § 1631(E)(4) (2013) (“The court shall not terminate its supervision of the child without approving an appropriate transition plan . . . .”).

14) See 20 U.S.C. § 1412(a) (2016); 34 C.F.R. §§ 300.101, 300.201, 300.17 (2006).

15) 20 U.S.C. § 1401(34) (2016); 34 C.F.R. § 300.320(b) (2007); id. § 300.43 (2015); 22 Pa. Code § 14.131(a)(5) (2008).

16) See 29 U.S.C. § 794 (2016); 34 C.F.R. §§ 104.31-104.47 (2000).

17) 34 C.F.R. § 300.39(a)(1) (2012).

18) See 20 U.S.C.A. § 1414 (d)(1)(A)(i)(VII) (2015); 34 C.F.R. § 300.43 (2015) (“transition services”); 22 Pa. Code § 14.131(a)(5) (2008) (In addition to the requirements of federal law, the IEP of each student with a disability must include“[f]or students who are 14 years of age or older, a transition plan that includes appropriate measurable postsecondary goals related to training, education, employment and, when appropriate, independent living skills.”).

19) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608(D)(1)(l) (2018).

20) See Social Security Administration, DI 25201.011 Making Determination for Youth in Foster Care When the Application Effective Date is on or After the Attainment of Age 18, at (C) “Policy for youth transitioning out of foster care applications” (2010), https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0425201011.

21) See 20 C.F.R. § 416.621(a) (2014) (The order of preference is: (1) A legal guardian, spouse (or other relative) who has custody of the beneficiary or who demonstrates strong concern for the personal welfare of the beneficiary; (2) A friend who has custody of the beneficiary or demonstrates strong concern for the personal welfare of the beneficiary; (3) A public or nonprofit agency or institution having custody of the beneficiary; (4) A private institution operated for profit and licensed under State law, which has custody of the beneficiary; and (5) Persons other than above who are qualified to carry out the responsibilities of a payee and who are able and willing to serve as a payee for the beneficiary; e.g., members of community groups or organizations who volunteer to serve as payee for a beneficiary.).

22) See 237 Pa. Code § 1608 (D)(1)(k)(viii) (2018).

23) See 237 Pa. Code § 1631(E)(2)(b), (h) (2013) (the transition plan must include a description of the child’s income and any needed support services); id. § 1631 (E)(4) (2013) (“The court shall not terminate its supervision of the child without approving an appropriate transition plan . . . .”).

Chapter 7

1) Juv. Ct. Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1631(E) (West 2013) (the court cannot close the case unless it approves a transition plan that meets the requirements of the law).

2) 42 U.S.C.A. 675(5)(H) (West 2018) (the transition plan must include “specific options on… health insurance… and continuing support services); Juv. Ct. Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1631(E) (West 2013) (the court shall not terminate jurisdiction of the case of youth who is age 18 or older unless it approves the transition plan, which must include “a description of the health insurance plan that the child is expected to obtain and any continued health or behavioral health needs of the child.”).

3) 42 U.S.C.A. 675(5)(I) (West 2018) (a child cannot be discharged from care at age 18 or older without being provided their vital documents, including health insurance information and a copy of the child’s medical records).

4) 42 U.S.C.A. § 1396a(10)(A)(i)(IX).

5) 42 U.S.C.A. 1396d(r) (West 2019).

6) Federal Final Rule, “Non-Discrimination in Health Programs and Activities” and Implication for Coverage of Services Related to Gender Transition, Medical Assistance Bulletin, 99-16-11 (July 18, 2016).

7) 45 C.F.R. 92.207 (2016).

8) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.91(2)(i) (2019).

9) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.91(2)(ii) & (iii) (2019).

10) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.91(4) & (5) (2019).

11) Parents United for a Better Sch. V. Sch. Dist. Of Philadelphia, 978 F. Supp. 197, 208 (E.D. Pa. 1997), aff’d on other grounds, 148 F. 3d 260 (3d Cir. 1998).

12) ACLU of Pennsylvania, “Do You Have to Tell My Mom?” Minors, Health Care and the Law, https://www.aclupa.org/en/do-you-have-tell-my-mom-minors-health-care-law.

13) 18 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 3206 (West 1992).

14) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2521 (c)(authority of an agency or person receiving custody following a termination of parental right decree).

15) See Id.

16) 71 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1690.112 (West 2018).

17) Id. § 1690.112a(a); Id. § 1690.112a(b)(2); Id. § 1690.112a(c).

18) 55 Pa. Code § 3680.52(6) (1987). 50 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7201 (West 1978).

19) 35 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 10101.1(a)(1) (West 2005).

20) Id. § 10101.1(a)(2) & (a)(3).

21) Id. § 10101.1(b)(8).

22) Id. § 10101.1(b)(8)(i-iv).

23) Id. § 10101.1(b)(9).

24) Id. § 10101.1(b)(9)(ii).

25) Id. § 10101.1(b).

26) 42 U.S.C.A. 675(5)(H).

Chapter 8

1) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.43(d) (West 2019).

2) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.44(d) (West 1987).

3) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.44(d)(5).

4) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.44(d)(5).

5) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.44(d).

6) 11 Pa.C.S.A.§ 2604.

7) See 23 Pa. C.S.A. § 2924. The State’s current registry of information on adoptions began in 2011 whereas the State used a different registry system previously. See also Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 1-2 & 22 (April 22, 2011).

8) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01 (April 22, 2011).

9) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 16-17 (April 22, 2011).

10) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 16-17 (April 22, 2011).

11) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 19 (April 22, 2011)(“… adoptees, adoptive parents and birth parents may authorize the release of identifying information and may amend or withdraw their authorization to release identifying information at any time by updating their information with the PAIR.”)

12) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 20 (April 22, 2011).

13) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 20 (April 22, 2011).

14) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 20 (April 22, 2011).

15) Implementation of Act 101, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3350-11-01, 24 (April 22, 2011).

Chapter 9

1) 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351 (f) (8); Pa. R.J.C.P 1608 (D)(k).

2) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 4 (December 8, 2014).

3) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 13-14(December 8, 2014).

5) This wording change was part of the Family First Prevention and Services Act, which was enacted in 2018. The wording change can be found in federal law at: 42 U.S.C.A. 675 (5)(C) and 42 U.S.C.A. 677. 42 U.S.C.A. 677, the “Chafee Act,” was renamed The John H. Chafee Foster Care Program for Successful Transition to Adulthood. The new wording is found in PA law at 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351 (f) (8).

6) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677.

7) Eligibility for Chafee funded services can be found at 42 U.S.C.A. § 677 and Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 4 (December 8, 2014).

8) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 18-19 (December 8, 2014).

9) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675 (1)(D); Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 19 (December 8, 2014).

10) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 28-29 (December 8, 2014)

11) 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5)(I).

12) 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5)(I)(the youth should be provided with “assistance” “in interpreting and resolving any inaccuracies in the report.”)

13) You can find contact information for your IL Coordinator here: http://www.payab.pitt.edu/StaffResources.htm

14) Pa. R.J.C.P 1608 (D)(1)(k).

15) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 21 (December 8, 2014).

16) 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5)(H) ; Pa. R.J.C.P. 1631 (E).

17) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1631 (E).

18) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1631 (E).

19) 42 U.S.C.S.§ 675 (5)(D).

20) 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5)(H).

21) 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5)(H); Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

22) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

23) See 42 U.S.C.S. § 675 (5) (H).

24) 42 U.S.C.S. 675 (5) (H); Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

25) 42 U.S.C.S. 675 (5) (I); Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

26) 42 U.S.C.S. 675 (5) (I).

27) 42 U.S.C.S. 675 (5) (I)

28) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E)

29) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

30) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 22-23 (December 8, 2014).

31) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675 (1)(B) (a youth age 14 or older must be given the opportunity to invite up to “ 2 members of the case planning team who are chosen by the child and who are not a foster parent of, or caseworker for, the child.”)

32) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

33) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

34) Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E).

35 Pa. R.C.P. 1631 (E) (3).

Chapter 10

1) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1610 & 1611 (permanency hearings and orders for children over eighteen)

2) 11 P.S. § 2633 (23).

3) 42 Pa.§ C.S.A. 6302. (“child”)

4) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 14-15 (December 8, 2014).

5) 42. Pa.C.S. § 6351 (f)(8.1).

6) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1151 (B)((1)(f).

7) 42 Pa. C.S. § 6302, Pa.R.J.C.P. 1610, 1611

8) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1610 & 1611 (permanency hearings and orders for children over eighteen)

9) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 5-11 (December 8, 2014).

10) 42. Pa.C.S. § 6351 (j).

11) Pa. R.J.C.P. 1635 (A).

Chapter 11

1) 42 U.S.C.A. 677 (a)(4) & (b)(3)(A); PA Office of Children, Youth and Families, Independent Living Services Bulletin, page 35.

2) As of July 1, 2020, young people are eligible for aftercare services until age 23. Before July 2020, aftercare services are available until age 21.

3) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 4, 35 (December 8, 2014); 42 U.S.C.A. § 677 (a)(6) & (a)(4).

4) 42 U.S.C.A. 677(b)(3)(C).

5) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, page 31 (December 8, 2014).

6) Independent Living Services Guidelines, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-14-01, pages 30-31 (December 8, 2014).

7) 42 U.S.C.A. 677(b)(3)(A); Child Welfare Policy Manual, Independent Living, Question 3, Section 3.1F.

8) 42 U.S.C.A. 677(b)(3)(A); Child Welfare Policy Manual, Independent Living, Question 3, Section 3.1F.

9) The federal Chafee program is called Education and Training Vouchers (ETV). In Pennsylvania, the program is called Education and Training Grant to make clear that this is a grant program.

10) You can find a list of schools that receive Title IV aid from the Department of Education here.

11) 42 U.S.C.A. § 677 (i).

12) 42 U.S.C.A. § 1902(a)(10)(A)(i)(IX).

Chapter 12

1) 42 U.S.C. § 675(5)(I)

2) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(5)(I)(a child who is age 18 or older “is not discharged from care without being provided with…an official or certified copy of the United States birth certificate of the child, a social security card issued by the Commissioner of Social Security, health insurance information, a copy of the child's medical records, and a driver's license or identification card issued by a State in accordance with the requirements of section 202 of the REAL ID Act of 2005, and any official documentation necessary to prove that the child was previously in foster care.”); Pa. J.R.C.P. 1631 (E)(3)(youth must be provided their vital documents as part of the transition plan); Pa. J.R.C.P. 1631 (E)(4)(If the court is not satisfied that the requirements of the transition plan have been met, a subsequent hearing shall be scheduled. The court shall not terminate its supervision of the child without approving an appropriate transition plan.)

3) http://www.dot.state.pa.us/Public/DVSPubsForms/BDL/BDL%20Publications/p…

Chapter 13

1) Pa. R.J.C.P 1608 (E)(3) & (4)(the court shall review the transition plan and “shall not terminate its supervision of the child without approving an appropriate transition plan.”)

Chapter 14

1) 42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6302 (West 2018) (definition of a “delinquent act”).

2) 42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6337 (West 2012) (right to counsel); 42 Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6337.1 (West 2012) (specifying that all delinquent youth are presumed to be indigent (without any income) and that youth must have a lawyer at all delinquency proceedings).

3) 42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6352(a)(1) (West 2012).

4) Shared Case Responsibility Policy and Procedures, Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-10-01 (May 3, 2010).

5) 42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6307(b)(1.1)(i) & (ii) (West 2019).

6) Id. § 6307(b).

7) 42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6341(b.1) (West 2018) (school notification).

8) 18 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 9123(a)(1)-(4) (West 2014).

9) 18 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 9123(a)(2.1) & (2.2) (West 2014).

Chapter 15

1) In the interest of Hall, 703 A. 2d 717, 719 (Pa. Super. 1997)(the law does not support “an adjudication of dependency under the Juvenile Act simply because the mother is in foster care or simply due to the age of the parents.”)

Chapter 16

1) 11 P.S. § 2633 (1)-(3).

2) 42 Pa. C.S.A. 6351 (a)(the court must order a disposition for all dependent youth that is “best suited to the safety, protection and physical, mental, and moral welfare of the child”)

3) 55 Pa. Code 3800.32 (“A child may not be discriminated against because of race, color, religious creed, disability, handicap, ancestry, sexual orientation, national origin, age or sex.”)

4) Philadelphia Fair Practices Ordinance, Code §§ 9-1102 - 1105.

5) Allegheny County Code of Ordinances, Ordinance No. 26-09-OR.

Chapter 17

1) 55 Pa. Code §§ 3130.88; 3680.48; 3800.31-33; see also Children in Foster Care Act, 11 P.S. 2631 et seq.

2) 11 P.S. § 2635.

3) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.88; 55 Pa. Code § 3680.48; 55 Pa. Code § 3800.31.

4) Children in Foster Care Act (Act 119 of 2010), Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02, 3680-12-01, 3700-12-01, 3800-12-01 (July 30, 2012).

5) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.88; 55 Pa. Code § 3680.48; 55 Pa. Code § 3800.31.

6) Children in Foster Care Act (Act 119 of 2010), Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02, 3680-12-01, 3700-12-01, 3800-12-01, page 9-10 (July 30, 2012).

7) Children in Foster Care Act (Act 119 of 2010), Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02, 3680-12-01, 3700-12-01, 3800-12-01, page 9 (July 30, 2012).

8) 55 Pa. Code § 3130.88; 55 Pa. Code § 3680.48; 55 Pa. Code § 3800.31.

9) Children in Foster Care Act (Act 119 of 2010), Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02, 3680-12-01, 3700-12-01, 3800-12-01, page 9-10 (July 30, 2012).

10) Children in Foster Care Act (Act 119 of 2010), Office of Children, Youth and Families Bulletin, 3130-12-02, 3680-12-01, 3700-12-01, 3800-12-01, page 10 (July 30, 2012).

Chapter 18

1) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1151.

2) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1151.(A).

3) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1151 (Comment)(“the guardian ad litem for the child may move the court for appointment as legal counsel and assignment of a separate guardian ad litem, when, for example, the information that the guardian ad litem possesses gives rise to the conflict and can be used to the detriment of the child.”)

4) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1151 (B).

5) 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 6311 (b); Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1154.

6) 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6311 (a)(14)(mandated reported include: “an attorney affiliated with an agency, institution, organization or other entity, including a school or regularly established religious organization that is responsible for the care, supervision, guidance or control of children.”)

7) 11 P.S. § 2633 (11).

8) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1608 (A).

9) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1608(D).

10) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1128 (B)(1)(all parties, including the dependent child, “shall” be present at all proceedings unless “good cause” is shown).

11) 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 6351 (e)(1) (The court should consult with the child in an age-appropriate manner regarding the proposed permanency and transition plans);

12) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1608 (D)(2)(b)(before approving the plan of APPLA, the judge must “ask the child about the child’s desired permanency outcome.”)

13) Pa. R.J.C.P. No. 1608 (D)(1)(p) (the judge must make findings as to “whether sufficient steps have been taken by the county agency to ensure the child has been provided regular, ongoing opportunities to engage in age-appropriate or developmentally-appropriate activities, including:(i) consulting the child in an age-appropriate or developmentally-appropriate manner about the opportunities to participate in activities; and (ii) identifying and addressing any barriers to participation..”)

14) 42 Pa. C.S.A. 6342 (a).

15) 55 Pa. Code 3130.61 (Family service plan).

16) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(1)(D)(Beginning at age 14, the case plan must contain a written description of the programs and services which will help such child prepare for the transition from foster care to a successful adulthood.)

17) 55 Pa. Code 3130.63 (a)(review of family service plans)

18) 55 Pa. Code 3130.61 (d)(The county agency shall provide family members, including the child, their representatives and service providers, the opportunity to participate in the development and amendment of the service plan….”

19) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675(5)(C)(iv).

20) 55 Pa. Code 3130.61 (c).

21) 42 U.S.C. § 675(5)(C)(iv).

22) 42 U.S.C.A. § 675a(b)(1) & (b)(2)(Beginning at age 14, youth must be provided a list of their rights as part of the case-planning process. The list of rights must be part of the case plan and should address “education, health, visitation, and court participation,” the right to discharge documents, and to “stay safe and avoid exploitation.” The case plan must include a signed acknowledgement that the list of rights has been received and “explained to the child in an age-appropriate way.”)

23) 11 P.S. 2635 (a).

24) Children, like parents, have a right to challenge a service, benefit or procedure under state and federal child welfare laws. Children have a due process right like parent to appeal through the Office of Hearings and Appeals. See 42 U.S.C.A. § 671 (a) (12) (the state’s Title IV-E plan must “provide[] for granting an opportunity for a fair hearing before the State agency to any individual whose claim for benefits available pursuant to this part is denied or is not acted upon with reasonable promptness.”); 55 Pa. Code 3130.6 (parent appeals and fair hearings); Department of Human Services, Bureau of Hearing and Appeals, Jurisdiction (jurisdiction includes “Establishment of family service plans for persons receiving services through the local children and youth agency.”)

Issues

Keeping Kids in the Community